Agro Landscape of Urych

    Матеріал з Тустань
    Ця сторінка є перекладом сторінки Агроландшафт Урича. Переклад виконано на 100%.
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    “The village of Urych, founded in the late 15th and early 16th centuries, is special in terms of the organic combination of its architecture and landscape. The cultural value of its landscape lies in the fact that it preserves traditional land use and agriculture against the background of traditional wooden housing and public buildings. There are three phases in the history of the village: formation (end of the 15th–16th centuries), development (17th - first half of the 20th century) and depression (second half of the 20th - beginning of the 21st century) ”[1].

    In the second half of the 16th century, the culture of the Boyko ethnos with its agricultural activity peculiarities is fully manifested in the “landscape of the Urych Basin”. Surrounding forests were gradually cut down to develop agricultural land, and the vacated land was used for pasture or crop farming. The toponym Pohar (eng. Fire) testifies to the use of the slash-and-burn system - a large area that unites several dozen arable lands in the central part of the village. Land was developed on the gentle slopes of the mountains, while areas of streams and adjacent slopes remained intact[2].

    “In the second half of the 17th century, people started active agricultural activities in the landscape, which aimed at making a profit from land development. During the 17th-18th centuries, the Urych Basin acquired features of the classic Boyko landscape with its two-field and slash-and-burn systems. Such an ethno-economic system existed for about three hundred years. During this period, the landscape adapted to the constant intervention of man and at the same time the ethnic group adapted to the landscape”[3].

    “In the second half of the 19th century, with the abolition of serfdom and feudal duty, new economic relations were established in Galicia. The period of the industrial revolution began. Raw materials such as oil, natural stone, and forest were of interest to entrepreneurs. After the Austrian government repealed the law on the indivisibility of peasant lands in 1868, the property stratification of the peasants became widespread. This led to the consolidation of buildings, the gradual settlement of areas located in places inconvenient for husbandry”[4].

    “In terms of planning and development, the village did not differ from the traditional Boyko settlements of the mid-nineteenth century. The buildings were concentrated in the valley of the Urychanka River and formed a ridge with a multi-street branch in the centre of the village”[5].

    “For Urych, the period of the industrial revolution began in 1889, when oil production started within its landscape. At that time, two oil mines were dug, and the first oil well appeared on the outskirts of the village in 1891. Thus, the development of the landscape took place in two ways: the further use of forest and agricultural lands and the development of oil production”[6].

    “Industrial intervention in the landscape, on the one hand, had a strong impact on both natural elements and the landscape, and, on the other hand, contributed to the development of the village”[7].

    “A new stage in the development of the Urych Basin falls on the 40s-60s of the twentieth century. It was marked by a change in the nature of agricultural production, and thus in a new land use. The kolkhoz-soviet system introduced a large field module into the landscape, which is not typical of Boykivshchyna. This was due to the introduction of state ownership of land, as well as the use of agricultural machinery for tillage”[8].

    “In the early 1990s, a new stage in the development of the Urych Basin began. With the proclamation of Ukraine's independence, changes took place in socio-political relations, which influenced on the economic condition of the village. The liquidation of the collective and state farm system and privatization processes returned a small number of people to the agricultural sector. The archaic small-contour structure of the agro-landscape gradually supplanted the large-module one, and the abandoned lands were again allocated for agricultural lands. Thus, the character and structure of the agar landscape acquired its original form”[9].

    “Today, the parcelling of the village of Urych has been completely preserved only on the lower levels, and it has been lost due to afforestation and liquidation of private borders during the formation of the state forest fund on the upper levels. The landscape of the village looks regularly planned and shredded into narrow strips formed by arable land and hayfields, while the middle levels are dominated by large areas of agricultural land.

    The cultural landscape of Urych, which was formed in the 15th-16th centuries and developed in the 18th- first half of the 20th century, today mainly retains the structure of land use and traditional wooden buildings”[10].

    1. ↑ Любомир Пархуць Збереження культурного ландшафту села Урич//Фортеця : збірник заповідника “Тустань”. – Л.: Простір-М, 2018. – Кн. 3. – C. 566.
    2. ↑ Любомир Пархуць Ландшафтно-просторовий уклад та архітектура села Урич// Фортеця : збірник заповідника “Тустань” : на пошану Михайла Рожка. – Л.: Камула, 2009. – Кн. 1. – С. 504-505.
    3. ↑ Любомир Пархуць Ландшафтно-просторовий уклад та архітектура села Урич// Фортеця : збірник заповідника “Тустань” : на пошану Михайла Рожка. – Л.: Камула, 2009. – Кн. 1. – С. 506.
    4. ↑ Любомир Пархуць Ландшафтно-просторовий уклад та архітектура села Урич// Фортеця : збірник заповідника “Тустань” : на пошану Михайла Рожка. – Л.: Камула, 2009. – Кн. 1. – С. 509.
    5. ↑ Любомир Пархуць Ландшафтно-просторовий уклад та архітектура села Урич// Фортеця : збірник заповідника “Тустань” : на пошану Михайла Рожка. – Л.: Камула, 2009. – Кн. 1. – С. 511.
    6. ↑ Любомир Пархуць Ландшафтно-просторовий уклад та архітектура села Урич// Фортеця : збірник заповідника “Тустань” : на пошану Михайла Рожка. – Л.: Камула, 2009. – Кн. 1. – С. 512.
    7. ↑ Любомир Пархуць Ландшафтно-просторовий уклад та архітектура села Урич// Фортеця : збірник заповідника “Тустань” : на пошану Михайла Рожка. – Л.: Камула, 2009. – Кн. 1. – С. 515.
    8. ↑ Любомир Пархуць Ландшафтно-просторовий уклад та архітектура села Урич// Фортеця : збірник заповідника “Тустань” : на пошану Михайла Рожка. – Л.: Камула, 2009. – Кн. 1. – С. 517.
    9. ↑ Любомир Пархуць Ландшафтно-просторовий уклад та архітектура села Урич// Фортеця : збірник заповідника “Тустань” : на пошану Михайла Рожка. – Л.: Камула, 2009. – Кн. 1. – С. 519.
    10. ↑ Любомир Пархуць Збереження культурного ландашафту села Урич//Фортеця : збірник заповідника “Тустань”. – Л.: Простір-М, 2018. – Кн. 3. – C. 571.
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